Ulwazi oluthile mayelana nejeneretha yemoto nebhethri

Izinkinga zokushaja ibhethri lemoto zingafingqwa kanje, ngemuva kokuqonda lezi, uzoba nokuqonda okujwayelekile kokukhiqiza amandla emoto, ukushaja kwebhethri nokusetshenziswa kwamandla.

1. Injini ishayela ijeneretha ukuze ikhiqize ugesi

Injini yemoto ayisetshenziselwa ukushayela imoto kuphela, kodwa futhi ukunika amandla amasistimu amaningi emotweni. I-crankshaft yenjini ineziphetho ezimbili, enye ingxenye ixhunywe ne-flywheel, okudingeka ixhunywe no-gearbox ukushayela imoto. Esinye isiphetho siphuma nge-crankshaft pulley ukushayela imishini ethile yokufinyelela. Isibonelo, i-crankshaft pulley emfanekisweni ongenhla ishayela ijeneretha, i-compressor, iphampu yokuqondisa amandla, iphampu yamanzi okupholisa nezinye izingxenye ngebhande ukuze izinikeze amandla. Ngakho uma nje injini isasebenza, ijeneretha ingaphehla ugesi futhi ishaje ibhethri.

2. Ijeneretha yezimoto ingalungisa ukukhiqizwa kwamandla

Sonke siyazi ukuthi umgomo wejeneretha ukuthi ikhoyili isika umugqa wokungeniswa kazibuthe ukuze ikhiqize isimanje, futhi lapho isivinini sekhoyili sishesha, siba sikhulu amandla amanje kanye ne-voltage. Futhi isivinini senjini sisuka ejubaneni lokungenzi lutho lamakhulu ambalwa kuya ezinkulungwaneni ezimbalwa ze-rpm, i-span sikhulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke kukhona idivayisi elawulayo ku-generator ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-voltage ezinzile ingaphuma ngesivinini esihlukile, okuyi-voltage regulator. Awukho uzibuthe ongunaphakade kujeneretha yemoto. Kuncike kukhoyili ukukhiqiza insimu kazibuthe. I-rotor ye-generator ikhoyili ekhiqiza insimu kazibuthe. Lapho i-generator isebenza, ibhethri izoqale ifake ugesi ikhoyili ye-rotor (ebizwa ngokuthi i-excitation current) ukuze ikhiqize amandla kazibuthe, bese kuthi lapho i-rotor izungeza, izokhiqiza amandla kazibuthe ajikelezayo futhi ikhiqize ugesi wokungeniswa kukhoyili ye-stator. Lapho ijubane lenjini landa futhi i-voltage ikhuphuka, isilawuli se-voltage sinqamula i-rotor yamanje, ukuze insimu kazibuthe ye-rotor ibe buthakathaka kancane futhi i-voltage ingavuki.

3. Izimoto zisebenzisa uphethiloli kanye nogesi

Abanye abantu bacabanga ukuthi i-generator yezimoto isebenza nenjini, ngakho-ke ihlala ikhiqiza ugesi, ngakho-ke akudingekile ukuyisebenzisela ize. Eqinisweni, lo mbono awulungile. Ijeneretha yezimoto iyazungeza nenjini ngaso sonke isikhathi, kodwa ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kungashintshwa. Uma ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kuncane, i-generator izokhiqiza amandla amancane. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukumelana nokugijima kwe-generator kuncane futhi ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kuphansi. Uma ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kukhulu, i-generator idinga ukwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwamandla. Ngalesi sikhathi, inkambu kazibuthe ikhoyili iyaqiniswa, okukhiphayo wamanje anda, futhi ukumelana ukujikeleza injini futhi anda. Yebo, izodla uphethiloli owengeziwe. Isibonelo esilula ukukhanyisa izibani uma ungenzi lutho. Ngokuyisisekelo, ijubane lenjini lizoguquguquka kancane. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukukhanyisa amalambu kuzonyusa amandla kagesi, okuzonyusa amandla e-generator, okuzonyusa umthwalo wenjini, ukuze ijubane lishintshe.

4. Ugesi ovela kujeneretha usetshenziswa ekusebenzeni kwemoto

Abantu abaningi banalo mbuzo: ingabe amandla asetshenziswa imoto egijima ebhethrini noma kujeneretha? Eqinisweni, impendulo ilula kakhulu. Uma nje isistimu kagesi yemoto yakho ingakashintshwa, amandla ejeneretha asetshenziswa ekusebenzeni kwemoto. Ngenxa yokuthi i-voltage ephumayo yejeneretha iphakeme kakhulu kune-voltage yebhethri, ezinye izinto zikagesi ezisemotweni nebhethri zingokomthwalo. Ibhethri alikwazi ukukhululeka ngisho noma lifuna ukukhululeka. Ngisho noma ibhethri ishajwe ngokugcwele, ilingana nenkulu Amandla nje. Yiqiniso, isistimu yokulawula i-generator yezinye izimoto ithuthuke kakhulu, futhi izokwahlulela ukuthi amandla e-generator noma ibhethri asetshenziswa ngokuvumelana nesimo. Isibonelo, uma ibhethri selishajwe ngokugcwele, ijeneretha izoyeka ukusebenza futhi isebenzise amandla ebhethri, angawonga uphethiloli. Uma amandla ebhethri ehla aze afike ezingeni elithile noma kufakwe ibhuleki noma injini, ijeneretha iyaqalwa ukushaja ibhethri.

5. I-voltage yebhethri

Izimoto zasendlini ziwuhlelo lukagesi lwe-12V. Ibhethri ingu-12V, kodwa i-voltage ephumayo ye-generator imayelana ne-14.5V. Ngokwezinga likazwelonke, i-voltage ephumayo ye-generator engu-12V kufanele ibe ngu-14.5V ± 0.25V. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-generator idinga ukushaja ibhethri, ngakho-ke i-voltage kufanele ibe phezulu. Uma i-voltage ephumayo yejeneretha ingu-12V, ibhethri alikwazi ukushajwa. Ngakho-ke, kuvamile ukulinganisa i-voltage yebhethri ku-14.5V ± 0.25V lapho imoto isebenza ngesivinini esingenzi lutho. Uma i-voltage iphansi, kusho ukuthi ukusebenza kwe-generator kuzokwehla futhi ibhethri ingase ihlupheke ngenxa yokuphelelwa amandla. Uma iphezulu kakhulu, ingashisa izinto ezisebenza ngogesi. Ukuze uqinisekise ukusebenza kahle kokuqala, i-voltage yebhethri yemoto akumele ibe ngaphansi kuka-12.5V esimweni sokuvutha kwelangabi. Uma i-voltage ingaphansi kwaleli nani, ingase iholele ebunzimeni ukuqalisa. Ngalesi sikhathi, kusho ukuthi ibhethri ayanele futhi idinga ukushajwa kusenesikhathi. Uma i-voltage isehluleka ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ngemuva kokushajwa, kusho ukuthi ibhethri alisasebenzi.

6. Imoto ingagijima isikhathi esingakanani ukuze igcwalise ibhethri

Angicabangi ukuthi lesi sihloko sibalulekile, ngoba ibhethri yemoto ayidingi ukushajwa ngokugcwele noma nini, inqobo nje uma ingathinti ukuqala nokukhipha ngokweqile. Ngenxa yokuthi imoto idla amandla ebhethri kuphela ngesikhathi sokuqalisa injini, izoshajwa ngaso sonke isikhathi ngenkathi ishayela, futhi amandla asetshenziswe ngesikhathi iqalisa angagcwaliswa emizuzwini emihlanu, bese esele etholakele. Okusho ukuthi, inqobo nje uma ungashayeli ibanga elifushane kuphela imizuzu embalwa nsuku zonke, awudingi ukukhathazeka ngokunganeliseki ukushaja kwebhethri. Ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwami, inqobo nje uma ibhethri lingalahliwe, akukho lutho oluzokwenzeka Kuyinkinga engakwazi ukuxazululwa ngokungenzi lutho isigamu sehora. Yebo, akwenzeki ukuthola idatha enembile. Isibonelo, uma ijeneretha yemoto ingasebenzi, okukhiphayo kwamanje ngu-10a, futhi umthamo webhethri ungu-60 A. uma ukushaja kwangempela kungu-6a, isikhathi sokushaja ngu-60 / 6 * 1.2 = amahora angu-12. Ukuphindaphinda ngo-1.2 ukucabangela ukuthi ibhethri yokushaja yamanje ayikwazi ukulungiswa ngokushintsha kwamandla kagesi. Kodwa le ndlela iwumphumela onzima kuphela.